Judging Wind for Perfect Shots

Possibly the most misunderstood and difficult techniques to master when rifle shooting, be that stalking, foxing or vermin control is judging the wind conditions. Reading the wind correctly is critical for placing your bullet exactly where you aim it, especially when a humane shot is desired.

Introduction

Possibly the most misunderstood and difficult techniques to master when rifle shooting, be that stalking, foxing or vermin control is judging the wind conditions. Reading the wind correctly is critical for placing your bullet exactly where you aim it, especially when a humane shot is desired.

Wind conditions are never the same even when shooting from the same position and can play havoc when you need to connect with that hard stalked stag on the hill and you are faced with a 15 mph quartering wind, judging the wind drift is crucial for correct shot placement.

There are many good ballistic programs that work out the wind for you but you still need to know the bullets characteristics and velocity to apply the data correctly and not least you still need to be a good shot to execute a hit.

There are many ways to judge wind conditions and I will run through a few and show how I use them when out stalking or fox/vermin control to good use. There is no easy method to learn wind corrections, you have to get out and experience the winds characteristics out in the field. I have used steel silhouettes of game for decades now as these give an audible and visual indication of correct shot placement. 

 

Wind, what is it

There are two important elements to consider when trying to apply a wind drift calculation when you are out shooting. Firstly the wind speed, which rarely stays constant and secondly the direction of the wind, both will cause a myriad of differing wind drift on your bullet in flight. The effects of the wind are not linear as the effects of the wind are increased as the range increases. It is therefore imperative to be able to correctly determine the wind direction and the wind speed. The trouble is that the wind rarely stays the same intensity or direction along the bullets flight path and you will need to “dope” the wind from visual signs as the bullet travels along.

This is where technology can begin to help you. Range estimation is a crucial part of any shooters skills but with the advent of laser rangefinders and even laser finding scopes have meant more accurate shot placements can be made so long as you can shoot straight in the first place!

More difficult is judging wind direction and intensity. Intensity can be accurately measured with the aid of a wind meter but this only gives the wind speed at your position not down range where it is crucial.

You will learn these with a good wind meter such as the Sky Mate I use. Choose a likely area that you stalk regularly and take wind readings at each location within that area , say valley bottom, hillside, beside some trees , prone or from a high seat. Keep a record of the wind speeds and how the foliage is reacting where you are. This way you can build up a mental image of how foliage reacts to wind speed and translate this information to an unfamiliar shooting area. Skymate wind meters from JMS Arms.

As a general rule wind intensity can be categorised as follows:-

0-3 mph    The wind is hardly felt on a cheek but smoke or pollen drifts gently

3-6 mph    Gentle breeze that is felt on the face and leaves rustle.

6-8 mph   Moderate wind that make grass tops sway and leaves and light twigs move.

8-12mph    A Fresh wind that moves branches and bushes, heather sway.

Up to 16mph   Is termed Strong, and small trees sway

20mph   Strong wind conditions, leaves on ground blown around and larger branches move.

This is only half the battle now, you have to determine wind direction and then compute all these factors into determining how far off zero your bullet will be at any given range you take the shot.

Direction Finder

A wind speed variation is far easier to feel than a direction change of the wind yet it is the latter that is more likely to affect your bullets path so direction finding is very important.

Use your eyes:- foliage down range to the deer can tell you a lot about the winds eddies and still spots but try to view only the foliage that is at the same level as the deer and bullet flight as this is what is going to affect your bullet. In other words tree tops bending will not affect the bullet when at ground level only a breeze or light wind is blowing. Again practice, in a regular area I tie small pieces of surveyors tape to bushes, gates, posts, trailers! Just a small indicator of a “real time” wind movement or direction.

The less time the bullet spends in the air or flight the less time wind has a chance to act on it, that is why velocity and a good Ballistic Coefficient (BC) are important factors when choosing a bullet or cartridge.

Clock it

Use the clock system to determine the affect the wind direction will have on your bullets impact point. If you think of yourself at the centre of a clock face and looking down onto yourself the wind at extreme angle (90 degrees) to your rifles barrel i.e. 3 or 9 o’clock will have the most wind force on your bullet. But what happens at a lesser angle at 1, 5, 7 or 11 o`clock?

Here’s a simple rule:- Anything from 3 to 9 is full wind value (100%)

2,4,8,10 is 60%

           1,5,7,11 is 30%

Died in the wool long range shooters will tell you there are a lot more subtle values at 1.30 o`clock etc but for this simple test just use the above, its better than not compensating at all.

To keep it simple, here`s what differing wind speeds and directions can do to three popular cartridges, the .223, .243 and .308. 

 

.223 40 grain V-Max at 3825 fps and 1300 ft/lbs BC 0.275

10mph Wind	Muzzle	100yds	200yds	300yds
3 or 9 o`clock Full	0	1.15	4.8	11.0 inch
2, 4,8 or 10 o`clock 60%	0	0.7	1.0	5.8
1, 5, 7 or 11 o`clock 30%	0	0.35	1.4	3.3

.243 100 grain Sierra Game King at 2850 fps and 1804 ft/lbs BC 0.423

10mph Wind	Muzzle	100yds	200yds	300yds
3 or 9 o`clock Full	0	0.8	3.1	7.0 inch
2, 4,8 or 10 o`clock 60%	0	0.5	1.9	4.2
1, 5, 7 or 11 o`clock 30%	0	0.2	0.9	2.1

.308 150 grain Hornady SST at 2750 fps and 2520 ft/lbs BC 0.342

10mph Wind	Muzzle	100yds	200yds	300yds
3 or 9 o`clock Full	0	1.25	4.5	10.25
2, 4, 8 or 10 o`clock 60%	0	0.75	2.7	6.15
1, 5, 7 or 11 o`clock 30%	0	0.38	1.4	3.1

Conclusions

Those that shoot and only correct for bullet drop will almost always be caught out by the wind and wonder why the bullet struck left or right. It’s your duty to learn your wind characteristics of your cartridge to ensure a humane shot. We all get caught out, I have but you learn from it and now if the wind is too intense you can either that a well judged shot or just leave it and walk away.

QuickLOAD and QuickTARGET ballistics program from JMS Arms is a superb program not only for reloading but also determining accurate down range ballistics, including wind drift that can be printed off and stuck to your rifles stock.

Contact

Tel JMS Arms 01444 400126 / 07771 962121

Email JMSarmsuk@gmail.com

www.jmsarms.com

www.MAEmoderators.co.uk

Quickload and QuickTARGET

www.quickload.co.uk

www.gamestransporter.co.uk

.17 Fireball, shot down in flames

Introduction

The new Twenty calibres such as the .204 Ruger and 20 Tactical are good illustrations that even after all these years just by tweaking a few dimensions you can still create something new. Remington offer the .17 Remington round a favourite still of mine but now there is the newer .17 Fireball based on a .221 Fireball case.

The parent .221 Fireball case has a small overall length of 1.40 inches and case capacity of just over 23 grains full. Its size and low recoil and noise make it suitable for vermin control in Britain but range is limited to 250 yardish. This fact was not lost on a firm from Las Vegas called Vern O’ Brien rifle company introduced a necked down version of the .221 Fireball case and this was called the .17 Mach IV in the mid sixties.

It’s taken some fifty years for a firm like Remington to realise its true potential and like so many wildcat calibres have legitimised it. To me though it will always be Vern`s old 17 Mach IV round, sorry Remington.

Ballistically the 17 Fireball is efficient and 4000fps with a 20 grain V-Max bullet can be achieved whilst the .17 Remington case can manage 4200 fps. At these speeds the extra velocity is pretty academic really and the Fireballs rationale is that there will be less barrel fouling, less barrel/throat erosion, noise and recoil whilst using less powder consumption.

I had two Fireball rifles both Remington`s, an SPS and a Predator so testing would be interesting and I still remember the days when I shot a .17 Mach IV Contender carbine for hooded crows in Scotland.

Reload choice

I tested bullets from 20 grains up to 30 grains with both hollow point and polymer tip varieties being the preferred choice.

Being a small case with a useable powder capacity when bullet`s seated of just 18-19 grains you can instantly see just how efficient this case is to launch a 20 grain bullet at over 4000 fps! Rather like the .14 Walker Hornet, that only takes 12.5 grains for a 15gr bullet at over 4000fps.

Powders of choice would be on the faster burning side so powders such as IMR 4198, RL 7, RL10X, H4227 or Vit N133 should work.

A special .17 calibre powder funnel helps guide the powder smoothly into the case and I used a precision Harrell powder dispenser that precisely delivers exact powder throws time and again although some may want to weigh each individual charge for accuracy.

Primer wise, I used as a preference Federal Match small primers although CCI were also very consistent.

No real attention to the cases is needed before reloading other than the usual deburring of the neck, cleaning of primer pocket and inside of neck area. Although an internal flash hole deburring is beneficial to consistent ignition and squaring the primer pocket is worth while also.

Bullet Choice

The 20 grain V-Max bullet is perfectly matched to this calibre and remains probably the best .17 bullet design to date in my view.

SPS data and Predator data

Bullet	Weight	Reload data	SPS data		Predator data
			Velocity fps	Energy ft/lbs	Velocity fps	Energy ft/lbs
Hornady V-Max	20gr	15.0gr of IMR 4198 powder	3673 fps	599 ft/lbs	n/a
		15.5gr	3784 fps	636 ft/lbs	3733 fps	619 ft/lbs
		16.0gr	3891fps	673 ft/lbs	3856 fps	661 ft/lbs
		16.25gr	3952 fps	694 ft/lbs	3900 fps	676 ft/lbs
		16.5gr	4003 fps	712 ft/lbs	3911 fps	680 ft/lbs
Hornady V-Max	20gr	14.5gr of Vit N133 powder	3455 fps	524 ft/lbs	n/a
		15.0gr	3550 fps	560 ft/lbs	n/a
		15.5gr	3666 fps	809 ft/lbs	n/a
		16.0gr	3801 fps	642 ft/lbs	3879fps	668ft/lbs
Hornady V-Max	20gr	15.0gr of RL7 powder	3702 fps	609 ft/lbs	n/a
		15.5gr	3836 fps	654 ft/lbs	n/a
		16.0gr	3920 fps	683 ft/lbs	n/a
Hornady V-Max	20gr	15.0gr of H4227 powder	3953 fps	694 ft/lbs	3911 fps	680 ft/lbs
		16.0gr	4044 fps	727 ft/lbs	3987 fps	706 ft/lbs
Hornady V-Max	20gr	17.0gr of Vit N120	4216 fps CAUTION HOT LOAD	790 ft/lbs	4107 fps CAUTION HOT LOAD	749ft/lbs
Berger	25gr	15.0gr of RL 10X	3620 fps	727 ft/lbs	n/a
		15.5gr	3711 fps	765 ft/lbs	3644 fps	737 ft/lbs
		16.0gr	3831 fps	815 ft/lbs	3786 fps	796 ft/lbs
		16.5gr	3934 FPS	859 ft/lbs Hot load	3877 fps	835 ft/lbs
Hornady V-Max	25gr	15.0gr of IMR 4198 powder	3771 fps	790 ft/lbs	3724 fps	770ft/lbs
		16.0gr	3896 fps	843 ft/lbs	3949 fps	866 ft/lbs
Berger	30gr	14.5gr of Vit N130 powder	3469 fps	801 ft/lbs	3488 fps	811 ft/lbs
		15.0gr	3576 fps	852 ft/lbs	3591 fps	859 ft/lbs
		15.25gr	3618 fps	872 ft/lbs	3648 fps	887 ft/lbs

Field use

Look at those results, you would think that some were reversed with the longer 26 inch barrel being the higher velocity producer but that 22 incher really performed well, this just goes to show until you shoot a rifle its own idiosyncrasies can only then be found. Tight barrel losses chamber who knows but results are results.

SPS:- The Remington SPS up first, I had on test was a Varmint model with 26 inch barrel. With factory 20grain bullet loads I had 4060fps velocity and 732ft/lbs energy, I was expecting more.

The SPS showed good accuracy with the 16.0 grains of Vit N133 producing 3801fps and 642ft/lbs and 0.85 inch three shots at 100 yard with the 20 gr V-Max.

I switched to 16.5 grains of IMR 4198 powder and now I had 4003 fps and 712 ft/lbs but accuracy was hovering at 1.0 inch.

Now 16.0 grains of RL 7 powder was a consistent load with 0.65-0.75 inch groups at 100 yards with 3920 fps and 683 ft/lbs whilst 15.0gr of H4227 with the 20gr V-Max gave a healthy 3953 fps for 694 ft/lbs and good 0.65 inch groups. I could eke 4044 fps with 16.0gr H4227 but accuracy went to 1.25 inch, interesting.

25 grain Berger`s shot very well with 15.5 gr RL 10X powder, not a top load but nice 0.5 inch groups. Whilst Hornadies 25 grain V-Max bullet sped along at 3896 fps for 843 ft/lbs with payload of 16.0gr of IMR 4198.

30 grain Berger bullets are really a bit large in this case size and velocities reflected this and also I have noticed that Berger’s are a bit tougher than the V-Maxes so penetrate better but do not expand as violently so choice for vermin or fox species will dictate your proper use here.

Predator: - As stated for a short barrel the Predator really shot well it uses a Remington Model Seven action and this design is a blend between the older model M600 and the newer M700 actions that also forms the basis of the solid receiver XR100 action. 

 

With only a 22 inch barrel the factory ammunition was shooting, 4105, 4163, 4150 and 4109 fps for an average of 4147fps and 764ft/lbs energy. Firstly that’s superb velocity from that short barrel in fact better than a 26 inch barrel from the above SPS. Accuracy too was just great, all shots consistently falling between 0.5 -0.75 inches with often three shots less than 0.5 inches. Interestingly enough after five boxes of factory ammunition and cleaning the barrel every second box the velocities actually dropped and stayed lower indicating to me the barrel was running its self in, another important lesson to learn. Figures for the factory ammunition now ran at 3987, 3951, 3981 and 3974fps for an average of 3973 fps and 701 ft/lbs energy, still very impressive.

Reload wise the 20 grain Hornady V-Max bullets and several faster burning powders such as 16.5grains of IMR 4198 producing 3911 fps delivered easily 0.5 inch groups all day, superb.

A very accurate load with shots almost touching at 100 yards was using16.0gr of Vit N133 producing 3879fps and 668ft/lbs and 20gr V-Max bullets.With the 25 grains V-Max bullet a load of 15.0 grains IMR 4198 produces 3724 fps and 770ft/lbs or try 16.5gr of Reloder 10X powder with the Berger for 3877 fps and 835 ft/lbs, again with nice 0.75 inch groups at 100 yards.

But I wanted that elusive 4000fps velocity which I finally achieved with a load of 17.0 grains Vit N120 powder and the 20 grain V-Max to achieve 4107 fps and 749ft/lbs energy with sub 0.5 inch accuracy but it was a hot load so work up to this. I ran this data through the excellent Quickload and QuickTARGET ballistics program. That translates into a trajectory when zeroed at 100 yards of only a drop of -0.9 inches at 200 yards with 378ft/lbs energy remaining and at 300 yards there is drop of -6.0 inches and remaining energy is 262ft/lbs energy so to me that’s its absolute maximum range ideally.

Conclusion

I love the calibre, even when it was called the Mach IV, doh! And I love the fast handling instinctive pointing and lightweight nature of the Predator and also the good accuracy, but the magazine feed needs to be looked at to be utterly reliable. In a rifle like the Predator the all over camouflage coating means there is no fussing with blooded or dirty hands rusting your nice blued barrel. It’s a rifle/calibre combination that will appeal to full time pest controllers and keepers alike. However the .17 Fireball on paper looks just as good as .17 Rem and better than the new .17 Hornet it would seem here in Britain we have not taken it to our hearts as sales have been very slow and I see that Remington supply ammo but not a rifle in that calibre any more, shame.

So really the .17 Fireball would still make a superb vermin calibre for a small light weight custom rifle say built on a small action Tikka or lovely old Sako Vixen or even a full custom Nesika, Stiller or BAT action.

Contact

Tel JMS Arms 01444 400126 / 07771 962121

Email JMSarmsuk@gmail.com

www.jmsarms.com

www.MAEmoderators.co.uk

Quickload and QuickTARGET

www.quickload.co.uk

www.gamestransporter.co.uk